@charset "utf-8";
body {
    font-family: "Inter", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    padding-top: 5.0rem;
    color: #2d3436;
}

/* Ensure footer sticks to bottom on all pages */
html, body {
    height: 100%;
}

/* Always show scrollbar to prevent layout shift between pages */
html {
    overflow-y: scroll;
}

body.d-flex.flex-column.min-vh-100 {
    min-height: 100vh;
}

body.d-flex.flex-column.h-100 {
    height: 100%;
}

/* Footer styling */
.footer {
    margin-top: auto;
}

/* Code highlighting styles - Rouge syntax highlighter */
.highlighter-rouge {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 0.375rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 1rem 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    position: relative;
}

.highlighter-rouge .highlight {
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.highlighter-rouge pre {
    margin: 0;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-family: 'Source Code Pro', 'Monaco', 'Menlo', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Rouge syntax highlighting colors */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .c { color: #6a737d; font-style: italic; } /* Comment */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .err { color: #d73a49; } /* Error */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .k { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .l { color: #032f62; } /* Literal */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .n { color: #24292e; } /* Name */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .o { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Operator */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .p { color: #24292e; } /* Punctuation */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .cm { color: #6a737d; font-style: italic; } /* Comment.Multiline */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .cp { color: #6a737d; font-weight: bold; } /* Comment.Preproc */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .c1 { color: #6a737d; font-style: italic; } /* Comment.Single */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .cs { color: #6a737d; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } /* Comment.Special */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gd { color: #b31d28; background-color: #ffeef0; } /* Generic.Deleted */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .ge { font-style: italic; } /* Generic.Emph */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gr { color: #b31d28; } /* Generic.Error */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gh { color: #005cc5; font-weight: bold; } /* Generic.Heading */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gi { color: #22863a; background-color: #f0fff4; } /* Generic.Inserted */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .go { color: #6a737d; } /* Generic.Output */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gp { color: #005cc5; font-weight: bold; } /* Generic.Prompt */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gs { font-weight: bold; } /* Generic.Strong */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gu { color: #6f42c1; font-weight: bold; } /* Generic.Subheading */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .gt { color: #b31d28; } /* Generic.Traceback */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .kc { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword.Constant */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .kd { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .kn { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .kp { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .kr { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .kt { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword.Type */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .ld { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.Date */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .m { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .s { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .na { color: #6f42c1; } /* Name.Attribute */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nb { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Builtin */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nc { color: #6f42c1; font-weight: bold; } /* Name.Class */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .no { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Constant */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nd { color: #6f42c1; font-weight: bold; } /* Name.Decorator */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .ni { color: #6f42c1; } /* Name.Entity */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .ne { color: #b31d28; font-weight: bold; } /* Name.Exception */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nf { color: #6f42c1; font-weight: bold; } /* Name.Function */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nl { color: #6f42c1; } /* Name.Label */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nn { color: #24292e; } /* Name.Namespace */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nx { color: #6f42c1; } /* Name.Other */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .py { color: #6f42c1; } /* Name.Property */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nt { color: #22863a; font-weight: bold; } /* Name.Tag */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .nv { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Variable */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .ow { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } /* Operator.Word */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .w { color: #e1e4e8; } /* Text.Whitespace */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .mb { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .mf { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .mh { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .mi { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .mo { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sa { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sb { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sc { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Char */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .dl { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sd { color: #6a737d; font-style: italic; } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .s2 { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Double */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .se { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sh { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .si { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sx { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Other */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .sr { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .s1 { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Single */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .ss { color: #032f62; } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .bp { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .fm { color: #6f42c1; font-weight: bold; } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .vc { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .vg { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .vi { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .vm { color: #005cc5; } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.highlighter-rouge .highlight .il { color: #005cc5; } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */

.highlighter-rouge code {
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    border: none;
    color: inherit;
}

/* Inline code */
code:not(.highlighter-rouge code) {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
    padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.875em;
    color: #e83e8c;
}

/* Legacy highlight class support */
.highlight {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 0.375rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 1rem 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
    border: none;
}

.highlight pre {
    margin: 0;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    border: none;
}

.highlight code {
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    border: none;
}

/* Blog content styling */
.blog-content {
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.blog-content h1,
.blog-content h2,
.blog-content h3,
.blog-content h4,
.blog-content h5,
.blog-content h6 {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.blog-content h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.blog-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.blog-content h3 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.blog-content p {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.blog-content ul,
.blog-content ol {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding-left: 2rem;
}

.blog-content li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.blog-content blockquote {
    border-left: 3px solid #e0e0e0;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #6c757d;
}

.blog-content img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 0.375rem;
    margin: 1rem 0;
}

/* Multi-column image layouts */
.blog-content .row img {
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease-in-out;
}

.blog-content .row img:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

/* Image gallery styles */
.blog-content .img-fluid {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.blog-content .shadow-sm {
    box-shadow: 0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075) !important;
}

/* Responsive image containers */
.blog-content .col-md-6 img,
.blog-content .col-md-4 img,
.blog-content .col-lg-3 img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 0.375rem;
}

/* Mixed content layouts */
.blog-content .col-md-8 {
    padding-right: 1rem;
}

.blog-content .col-md-4 {
    padding-left: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .blog-content .col-md-8,
    .blog-content .col-md-4 {
        padding: 0;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    
    .blog-content .col-md-6 img,
    .blog-content .col-md-4 img {
        height: 150px;
    }
}

.blog-content table {
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

.blog-content table th,
.blog-content table td {
    padding: 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
}

.blog-content table th {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Math formula styling */
.katex-display {
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    text-align: center;
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
}

.katex {
    font-size: 1.1em;
}

/* Ensure math formulas are properly displayed */
.katex-display .katex {
    display: inline-block;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Fix for math formula containers */
.katex-display {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Ensure proper spacing around math formulas */
.blog-content .katex-display {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 1rem 0;
}

/* Inline math styling */
.katex-inline {
    display: inline;
    margin: 0 0.2em;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
.h1, .h2, .h3, .h4, .h5, .h6 {
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Minimalist link styling */
a {
    color: #4a7298;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

a:hover {
    color: #2d3436;
}

/* Subtle horizontal rules */
hr {
    border-top: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
}

/* Minimalist cards - no shadow, subtle border */
.card {
    border-radius: 0.8rem!important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    border: 1px solid #f0f0f0 !important;
}

.card:hover {
    border-color: #e0e0e0 !important;
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease;
}

/* Override shadow-sm globally for minimalist feel */
.shadow-sm {
    box-shadow: none !important;
    border: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.card-img-overlay {
    border-radius: 0.8rem!important;
}

.rounded-xl {
    border-radius: 0.8rem!important;
}

.rounded-xl-bottom {
    border-bottom-right-radius: 0.8rem !important;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 0.8rem !important;
}

.rounded-xl-top {
    border-top-left-radius: 0.8rem !important;
    border-top-right-radius: 0.8rem !important;
}


.text-profile-position {
    font-weight: 400;
}

.text-profile-bio {
    /* font-family: "Raleway"; */
    font-weight: 400;
}

/* Frosted glass navbar */
.navbar {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

.inline-badge {
    height: 16px;
    vertical-align: -10%;
    margin-right: 2px;
    line-break: unset;
}

.no-break {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.cover-image {
    width: 180px;
    max-height: 120px;
}

.abstract-body {
    min-height: 100px;
}

img.lazy {
    background-image: url('images/loading.gif');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: 50% 50%;
    background-size: 50px 50px;
    min-height: 80px;
}

div.lazy {
    background-image: url('images/loading.gif');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: 50% 50%;
    background-size: 50px 50px;
    min-height: 80px;
}

/* Soft pastel publication badges */
.badge-publication {
    font-size: 85%;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 0.25em 0.6em;
    border: none;
}

.badge-publication.badge-success {
    background-color: #e8f5e9;
    color: #4a8c5c;
}

.badge-publication.badge-warning {
    background-color: #fff8e1;
    color: #b8860b;
}

.badge-publication.badge-info {
    background-color: #e3f2fd;
    color: #5085a5;
}

.badge-publication.badge-danger {
    background-color: #fce4ec;
    color: #c06070;
}

.badge-publication.badge-primary {
    background-color: #e8eaf6;
    color: #5c6bc0;
}

.badge-publication.badge-secondary {
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
    color: #777;
}

.email-text {
    font-family: Source Code Pro, monospace;
}

/* Lighter border separators */
.border-gray {
    border-color: #f0f0f0 !important;
}

.border-bottom {
    border-color: #f0f0f0 !important;
}

/* Minimalist button style */
.btn-outline-primary {
    color: #4a7298;
    border-color: #d0dde8;
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover {
    background-color: #4a7298;
    border-color: #4a7298;
    color: #fff;
}

/* Softer badge styling */
.badge-light {
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
    color: #666;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Year headings on publications/blogs pages */
h2.pt-4 {
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #999;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Sidebar year navigation */
#navbar-year .nav-link {
    color: #999;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
}

#navbar-year .nav-link.active {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: #2d3436;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Publication cover image hover preview */
.pub-cover-zoom {
    cursor: zoom-in;
}

.pub-zoom-preview {
    position: fixed;
    max-width: 50vw;
    max-height: 55vh;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 9999;
    display: none;
    background-color: #fff;
}

/* Blog layout — content preserves original width, TOC uses remaining space */
.blog-layout-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 15px;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.blog-main {
    flex: 0 1 950px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.blog-toc-sidebar {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: clamp(160px, 18vw, 360px);
    display: none;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .blog-toc-sidebar {
        display: block;
    }
}

/* Blog Table of Contents */
.blog-toc-nav {
    position: sticky;
    top: 6rem;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 8rem);
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
    border-left: 2px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.blog-toc-title {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #aaa;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.blog-toc-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.blog-toc-list li {
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.blog-toc-list a {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: #999;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 0.15rem 0;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.blog-toc-list a:hover {
    color: #2d3436;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.blog-toc-list a.toc-active {
    color: #4a7298;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.blog-toc-list .toc-h3 {
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
}

.blog-toc-list .toc-h4 {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

/* Hide TOC scrollbar */
.blog-toc-nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 0;
}

.blog-toc-nav {
    scrollbar-width: none;
}

/* ===== i18n Language Toggle ===== */
html.lang-active-en .lang-zh {
    display: none !important;
}

html.lang-active-zh .lang-en {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Language toggle switch */
.lang-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    border: 1px solid #d0dde8;
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    margin-left: 0.75rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.lang-toggle-label {
    padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
    color: #999;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    user-select: none;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.lang-toggle-label:hover {
    color: #4a7298;
}

.lang-toggle-active {
    background-color: #4a7298;
    color: #fff !important;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.lang-toggle-divider {
    width: 1px;
    background-color: #d0dde8;
    align-self: stretch;
}